Debezium Connector for Oracle
Overview
Debezium’s Oracle connector captures and records row-level changes that occur in databases on an Oracle server, including tables that are added while the connector is running. You can configure the connector to emit change events for specific subsets of schemas and tables, or to ignore, mask, or truncate values in specific columns.
For information about the Oracle Database versions that are compatible with this connector, see theDebezium release overview.
Debezium ingests change events from Oracle by using the native LogMiner database package or theXStream API.While the connector might work with a variety of Oracle versions and editions, only Oracle EE 12 and 19 have been tested.
How the Oracle connector works
To optimally configure and run a Debezium Oracle connector, it is helpful to understand how the connector performs snapshots, streams change events, determines Kafka topic names, and uses metadata.
Snapshots
Typically, the redo logs on an Oracle server are configured to not retain the complete history of the database. As a result, the Debezium Oracle connector cannot retrieve the entire history of the database from the logs. To enable the connector to establish a baseline for the current state of the database, the first time that the connector starts, it performs an initialconsistent snapshotof the database.
You can customize the way that the connector creates snapshots by setting the value of thesnapshot.mode
connector configuration property. By default, the connector’s snapshot mode is set toinitial
.
When the snapshot mode is set to the default, the connector completes the following tasks to create a snapshot:
Determines the tables to be captured
Obtains a
ROW SHARE MODE
lock on each of the monitored tables to prevent structural changes from occurring during creation of the snapshot. Debezium holds the locks for only a short time.Reads the current system change number (SCN) position from the server’s redo log.
Captures the structure of all relevant tables.
Releases the locks obtained in Step 2.
Scans all of the relevant database tables and schemas as valid at the SCN position that was read in Step 3 (
SELECT * FROM … AS OF SCN 123
), generates aREAD
event for each row, and then writes the event records to the table-specific Kafka topic.Records the successful completion of the snapshot in the connector offsets.
After the snapshot process begins, if the process is interrupted due to connector failure, rebalancing, or other reasons, the process restarts after the connector restarts. After the connector completes the initial snapshot, it continues streaming from the position that it read in Step 3 so that it does not miss any updates. If the connector stops again for any reason, after it restarts, it resumes streaming changes from where it previously left off.
Setting | Description |
---|---|
|
The connector performs a database snapshot as described in thedefault workflow for creating an initial snapshot.After the snapshot completes, the connector begins to stream event records for subsequent database changes. |
|
The connector captures the structure of all relevant tables, performing all of the steps described in thedefault snapshot workflow, except that it does not create |
|
Set this option to restore a database history topic that is lost or corrupted. After a restart, the connector runs a snapshot that rebuilds the topic from the source tables. You can also set the property to periodically prune the database history topic that experience unexpected growth. Note this mode is only safe to be used when it is guaranteed that no schema changes happened since the point in time the connector was shut down before and the point in time the snapshot is taken. |
Ad hoc snapshots
This feature is currently in incubating state, i.e. exact semantics, configuration options etc. may change in future revisions, based on the feedback we receive. Please let us know if you encounter any problems while using this extension. |
By default, a connector runs an initial snapshot operation only after it starts for the first time. Following this initial snapshot, under normal circumstances, the connector does not repeat the snapshot process. Any future change event data that the connector captures comes in through the streaming process only.
However, in some situations the data that the connector obtained during the initial snapshot might become stale, lost, or incomplete. To provide a mechanism for recapturing table data, Debezium includes an option to perform ad hoc snapshots. The following changes in a database might be cause for performing an ad hoc snapshot:
The connector configuration is modified to capture a different set of tables.
Kafka topics are deleted and must be rebuilt.
Data corruption occurs due to a configuration error or some other problem.
You can re-run a snapshot for a table for which you previously captured a snapshot by initiating a so-calledad-hoc snapshot.Ad hoc snapshots require the use ofsignaling tables.You initiate an ad hoc snapshot by sending a signal request to the Debezium signaling table.
When you initiate an ad hoc snapshot of an existing table, the connector appends content to the topic that already exists for the table. If a previously existing topic was removed, Debezium can create a topic automatically ifautomatic topic creationis enabled.
Ad hoc snapshot signals specify the tables to include in the snapshot. The snapshot can capture the entire contents of the database, or capture only a subset of the tables in the database.
You specify the tables to capture by sending anexecute-snapshot
message to the signaling table. Set the type of theexecute-snapshot
signal toincremental
并提供表的名称,包括我n the snapshot, as described in the following table:
Field | Default | Value |
---|---|---|
|
|
Specifies the type of snapshot that you want to run. |
|
N/A |
An array that contains the fully-qualified names of the table to be snapshotted. |
You initiate an ad hoc snapshot by adding an entry with theexecute-snapshot
signal type to the signaling table. After the connector processes the message, it begins the snapshot operation. The snapshot process reads the first and last primary key values and uses those values as the start and end point for each table. Based on the number of entries in the table, and the configured chunk size, Debezium divides the table into chunks, and proceeds to snapshot each chunk, in succession, one at a time.
Currently, theexecute-snapshot
action type triggersincremental snapshotsonly. For more information, seeIncremental snapshots.
Incremental snapshots
This feature is currently in incubating state. The exact semantics, configuration options, and so forth is subject to change in future revisions, based on the feedback we receive. Please let us know if you encounter any problems while using this extension. |
To provide flexibility in managing snapshots, Debezium includes a supplementary snapshot mechanism, known asincremental snapshotting.Incremental snapshots rely on the Debezium mechanism forDebezium连接器发送信号开云体育官方注册网址.Incremental snapshots are based on theDDD-3design document.
In an incremental snapshot, instead of capturing the full state of a database all at once, as in an initial snapshot, Debezium captures each table in phases, in a series of configurable chunks. You can specify the tables that you want the snapshot to capture and thesize of each chunk.The chunk size determines the number of rows that the snapshot collects during each fetch operation on the database. The default chunk size for incremental snapshots is 1 KB.
As an incremental snapshot proceeds, Debezium uses watermarks to track its progress, maintaining a record of each table row that it captures. This phased approach to capturing data provides the following advantages over the standard initial snapshot process:
You can run incremental snapshots in parallel with streamed data capture, instead of postponing streaming until the snapshot completes. The connector continues to capture near real-time events from the change log throughout the snapshot process, and neither operation blocks the other.
If the progress of an incremental snapshot is interrupted, you can resume it without losing any data. After the process resumes, the snapshot begins at the point where it stopped, rather than recapturing the table from the beginning.
You can run an incremental snapshot on demand at any time, and repeat the process as needed to adapt to database updates. For example, you might re-run a snapshot after you modify the connector configuration to add a table to its
table.include.list
property.
When you run an incremental snapshot, Debezium sorts each table by primary key and then splits the table into chunks based on theconfigured chunk size.Working chunk by chunk, it then captures each table row in a chunk. For each row that it captures, the snapshot emits aREAD
event. That event represents the value of the row when the snapshot for the chunk began.
As a snapshot proceeds, it’s likely that other processes continue to access the database, potentially modifying table records. To reflect such changes,INSERT
,UPDATE
, orDELETE
operations are committed to the transaction log as per usual. Similarly, the ongoing Debezium streaming process continues to detect these change events and emits corresponding change event records to Kafka.
In some cases, theUPDATE
orDELETE
events that the streaming process emits are received out of sequence. That is, the streaming process might emit an event that modifies a table row before the snapshot captures the chunk that contains theREAD
event for that row. When the snapshot eventually emits the correspondingREAD
event for the row, its value is already superseded. To ensure that incremental snapshot events that arrive out of sequence are processed in the correct logical order, Debezium employs a buffering scheme for resolving collisions. Only after collisions between the snapshot events and the streamed events are resolved does Debezium emit an event record to Kafka.
To assist in resolving collisions between late-arrivingREAD
events and streamed events that modify the same table row, Debezium employs a so-calledsnapshot window.The snapshot windows demarcates the interval during which an incremental snapshot captures data for a specified table chunk. Before the snapshot window for a chunk opens, Debezium follows its usual behavior and emits events from the transaction log directly downstream to the target Kafka topic. But from the moment that the snapshot for a particular chunk opens, until it closes, Debezium performs a de-duplication step to resolve collisions between events that have the same primary key..
For each data collection, the Debezium emits two types of events, and stores the records for them both in a single destination Kafka topic. The snapshot records that it captures directly from a table are emitted asREAD
operations. Meanwhile, as users continue to update records in the data collection, and the transaction log is updated to reflect each commit, Debezium emitsUPDATE
orDELETE
operations for each change.
As the snapshot window opens, and Debezium begins processing a snapshot chunk, it delivers snapshot records to a memory buffer. During the snapshot windows, the primary keys of theREAD
events in the buffer are compared to the primary keys of the incoming streamed events. If no match is found, the streamed event record is sent directly to Kafka. If Debezium detects a match, it discards the bufferedREAD
event, and writes the streamed record to the destination topic, because the streamed event logically supersede the static snapshot event. After the snapshot window for the chunk closes, the buffer contains onlyREAD
events for which no related transaction log events exist. Debezium emits these remainingREAD
events to the table’s Kafka topic.
The connector repeats the process for each snapshot chunk.
Currently, the only way to initiate an incremental snapshot is to send anad hoc snapshot signalto the signaling table on the source database. You submit signals to the table as SQLINSERT
queries. After Debezium detects the change in the signaling table, it reads the signal, and runs the requested snapshot operation.
The query that you submit specifies the tables to include in the snapshot, and, optionally, specifies the kind of snapshot operation. Currently, the only valid option for snapshots operations is the default value,incremental
.
To specify the tables to include in the snapshot, provide adata-collections
array that lists the tables, for example,{"data-collections": ["public.MyFirstTable", "public.MySecondTable"]}
Thedata-collections
array for an incremental snapshot signal has no default value. If thedata-collections
array is empty, Debezium detects that no action is required and does not perform a snapshot.
-
A signaling data collection exists on the source database and the connector is configured to capture it.
The signaling data collection is specified in the
signal.data.collection
property.
Send a SQL query to add the ad hoc incremental snapshot request to the signaling table:
INSERT INTO _
_ (id, type, data) VALUES (_' '_, _' '_, '{"data-collections": ["_ _","_ _"],"type":"_ _"}'); 例如,
INSERT INTO myschema.debezium_signal (id, type, data) VALUES('ad-hoc-1', 'execute-snapshot', '{"data-collections": ["schema1.table1", "schema2.table2"],"type":"incremental"}');
The values of the
id
,type
, anddata
parameters in the command correspond to thefields of the signaling table.The following table describes the these parameters:
Table 3. Descriptions of fields in a SQL command for sending an incremental snapshot signal to the signaling table Value Description myschema.debezium_signal
Specifies the fully-qualified name of the signaling table on the source database
ad-hoc-1
The
id
parameter specifies an arbitrary string that is assigned as theid
identifier for the signal request.
Use this string to identify logging messages to entries in the signaling table. Debezium does not use this string. Rather, during the snapshot, Debezium generates its ownid
string as a watermarking signal.execute-snapshot
Specifies
type
parameter specifies the operation that the signal is intended to trigger.data-collections
A required component of the
data
field of a signal that specifies an array of table names to include in the snapshot.
The array lists tables by their fully-qualified names, using the same format as you use to specify the name of the connector’s signaling table in thesignal.data.collection
configuration property.incremental
An optional
type
component of thedata
field of a signal that specifies the kind of snapshot operation to run.
Currently, the only valid option is the default value,incremental
.
Specifying atype
value in the SQL query that you submit to the signaling table is optional.
If you do not specify a value, the connector runs an incremental snapshot.
The following example, shows the JSON for an incremental snapshot event that is captured by a connector.
{ "before":null, "after": { "pk":"1", "value":"New data" }, "source": { ... "snapshot":"incremental"(1)}, "op":"r",(2)"ts_ms":"1620393591654", "transaction":null }
Item | Field name | Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
|
Specifies the type of snapshot operation to run. |
2 |
|
Specifies the event type. |
The Debezium connector for Oracle does not support schema changes while an incremental snapshot is running. |
Topic names
By default, the Oracle connector writes change events for allINSERT
,UPDATE
, andDELETE
operations that occur in a table to a single Apache Kafka topic that is specific to that table. The connector uses the following convention to name change event topics:
serverName.schemaName.tableName
The following list provides definitions for the components of the default name:
- serverName
-
The logical name of the server as specified by the
database.server.name
connector configuration property. - schemaName
-
The name of the schema in which the operation occurred.
- tableName
-
The name of the table in which the operation occurred.
例如,iffulfillment
is the server name,inventory
模式名,数据库包含tabl吗开云体育电动老虎机es with the namesorders
,customers
, andproducts
, the Debezium Oracle connector emits events to the following Kafka topics, one for each table in the database:
fulfillment.inventory.orders fulfillment.inventory.customers fulfillment.inventory.products
The connector applies similar naming conventions to label its internal database history topics,schema change topics, andtransaction metadata topics.
If the default topic name do not meet your requirements, you can configure custom topic names. To configure custom topic names, you specify regular expressions in the logical topic routing SMT. For more information about using the logical topic routing SMT to customize topic naming, seeTopic routing.
Schema change topic
You can configure a Debezium Oracle connector to produce schema change events that describe schema changes that are applied to captured tables in the database. The connector writes schema change events to a Kafka topic named
, whereserverName
is the logical server name that is specified in thedatabase.server.name
configuration property.
Debezium emits a new message to this topic whenever it streams data from a new table.
Messages that the connector sends to the schema change topic contain a payload, and, optionally, also contain the schema of the change event message. The payload of a schema change event message includes the following elements:
-
ddl
-
Provides the SQL
CREATE
,ALTER
, orDROP
statement that results in the schema change. -
databaseName
-
The name of the database to which the statements are applied. The value of
databaseName
serves as the message key. -
tableChanges
-
整个表sc的结构化表示hema after the schema change. The
tableChanges
field contains an array that includes entries for each column of the table. Because the structured representation presents data in JSON or Avro format, consumers can easily read messages without first processing them through a DDL parser.
When the connector is configured to capture a table, it stores the history of the table’s schema changes not only in the schema change topic, but also in an internal database history topic. The internal database history topic is for connector use only and it is not intended for direct use by consuming applications. Ensure that applications that require notifications about schema changes consume that information only from the schema change topic. |
Never partition the database history topic. For the database history topic to function correctly, it must maintain a consistent, global order of the event records that the connector emits to it. To ensure that the topic is not split among partitions, set the partition count for the topic by using one of the following methods:
|
The schema change topic message format is in an incubating state and might change without notice. |
Debezium emits a new message to this topic whenever it streams data from a new table, or when the structure of the table is altered.
Following a change in table structure, you must follow (theschema evolution procedure. |
The following example shows a typical schema change message in JSON format. The message contains a logical representation of the table schema.
{ "schema": { ... }, "payload": { "source": { "version": "1.8.1.Final", "connector": "oracle", "name": "server1", "ts_ms": 1588252618953, "snapshot": "true", "db": "ORCLPDB1", "schema": "DEBEZIUM", "table": "CUSTOMERS", "txId" : null, "scn" : "1513734", "commit_scn": "1513734", "lcr_position" : null }, "databaseName": "ORCLPDB1",(1)"schemaName": "DEBEZIUM", // "ddl": "CREATE TABLE \"DEBEZIUM\".\"CUSTOMERS\" \n ( \"ID\" NUMBER(9,0) NOT NULL ENABLE, \n \"FIRST_NAME\" VARCHAR2(255), \n \"LAST_NAME" VARCHAR2(255), \n \"EMAIL\" VARCHAR2(255), \n PRIMARY KEY (\"ID\") ENABLE, \n SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA (ALL) COLUMNS\n ) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE \n PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 \n NOCOMPRESS LOGGING\n STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645\n PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1\n BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT)\n TABLESPACE \"USERS\" ",(2)"tableChanges": [(3){ "type": "CREATE",(4)"id": "\"ORCLPDB1\".\"DEBEZIUM\".\"CUSTOMERS\"",(5)"table": {(6)"defaultCharsetName": null, "primaryKeyColumnNames": [(7)"ID" ], "columns": [(8){ "name": "ID", "jdbcType": 2, "nativeType": null, "typeName": "NUMBER", "typeExpression": "NUMBER", "charsetName": null, "length": 9, "scale": 0, "position": 1, "optional": false, "autoIncremented": false, "generated": false }, { "name": "FIRST_NAME", "jdbcType": 12, "nativeType": null, "typeName": "VARCHAR2", "typeExpression": "VARCHAR2", "charsetName": null, "length": 255, "scale": null, "position": 2, "optional": false, "autoIncremented": false, "generated": false }, { "name": "LAST_NAME", "jdbcType": 12, "nativeType": null, "typeName": "VARCHAR2", "typeExpression": "VARCHAR2", "charsetName": null, "length": 255, "scale": null, "position": 3, "optional": false, "autoIncremented": false, "generated": false }, { "name": "EMAIL", "jdbcType": 12, "nativeType": null, "typeName": "VARCHAR2", "typeExpression": "VARCHAR2", "charsetName": null, "length": 255, "scale": null, "position": 4, "optional": false, "autoIncremented": false, "generated": false } ] } } ] } }
Item | Field name | Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
|
Identifies the database and the schema that contains the change. |
2 |
|
This field contains the DDL that is responsible for the schema change. |
3 |
|
An array of one or more items that contain the schema changes generated by a DDL command. |
4 |
|
Describes the kind of change. The value is one of the following:
|
5 |
|
Full identifier of the table that was created, altered, or dropped. In the case of a table rename, this identifier is a concatenation of |
6 |
|
Represents table metadata after the applied change. |
7 |
|
List of columns that compose the table’s primary key. |
8 |
|
Metadata for each column in the changed table. |
In messages that the connector sends to the schema change topic, the message key is the name of the database that contains the schema change. In the following example, thepayload
field contains the key:
{ "schema": { "type": "struct", "fields": [ { "type": "string", "optional": false, "field": "databaseName" } ], "optional": false, "name": "io.debezium.connector.oracle.SchemaChangeKey" }, "payload": { "databaseName": "ORCLPDB1" } }
Transaction Metadata
Debezium can generate events that represent transaction metadata boundaries and that enrich data change event messages.
Limits on when Debezium receives transaction metadata
Debezium registers and receives metadata only for transactions that occur after you deploy the connector. Metadata for transactions that occur before you deploy the connector is not available. |
Database transactions are represented by a statement block that is enclosed between theBEGIN
andEND
keywords. Debezium generates transaction boundary events for theBEGIN
andEND
delimiters in every transaction. Transaction boundary events contain the following fields:
-
status
-
BEGIN
orEND
-
id
-
String representation of unique transaction identifier.
-
event_count
(forEND
events) -
Total number of events emmitted by the transaction.
-
data_collections
(forEND
events) -
An array of pairs of
data_collection
andevent_count
elements that indicates number of events that the connector emits for changes that originate from a data collection.
The following example shows a typical transaction boundary message:
{ "status": "BEGIN", "id": "5.6.641", "event_count": null, "data_collections": null } { "status": "END", "id": "5.6.641", "event_count": 2, "data_collections": [ { "data_collection": "ORCLPDB1.DEBEZIUM.CUSTOMER", "event_count": 1 }, { "data_collection": "ORCLPDB1.DEBEZIUM.ORDER", "event_count": 1 } ] }
Unless overridden via thetransaction.topic
option, the connector emits transaction events to the.transaction
topic.
Change data event enrichment
When transaction metadata is enabled, the data messageEnvelope
is enriched with a newtransaction
field. This field provides information about every event in the form of a composite of fields:
-
id
-
String representation of unique transaction identifier.
-
total_order
-
The absolute position of the event among all events generated by the transaction.
-
data_collection_order
-
The per-data collection position of the event among all events that were emitted by the transaction.
The following example shows a typical transaction event message:
{ "before": null, "after": { "pk": "2", "aa": "1" }, "source": { ... }, "op": "c", "ts_ms": "1580390884335", "transaction": { "id": "5.6.641", "total_order": "1", "data_collection_order": "1" } }
Event buffering
Oracle writes all changes to the redo logs in the order in which they occur, including changes that are later discarded by a rollback. As a result, concurrent changes from separate transactions are intertwined. When the connector first reads the stream of changes, because it cannot immediately determine which changes are committed or rolled back, it temporarily stores the change events in an internal buffer. After a change is committed, the connector writes the change event from the buffer to Kafka. The connector drops change events that are discarded by a rollback.
You can configure the buffering mechanism that the connector uses by setting the propertylog.mining.buffer.type
.
Heap
The default buffer type is configured usingmemory
.Under the defaultmemory
setting, the connector uses the heap memory of the JVM process to allocate and manage buffered event records. If you use thememory
buffer setting, be sure that the amount of memory that you allocate to the Java process can accommodate long-running and large transactions in your environment.
Infinispan
The Debezium Oracle connector can also be configured to use Infinispan as its cache provider, supporting cache stores both locally with embedded mode or remotely on a server cluster. In order to use Infinispan, thelog.mining.buffer.type
must be configured using eitherinfinispan_embedded
orinfinispan_remote
.
In order to allow flexibility with Infinispan cache configurations, the connector expects a series of cache configuration properties to be supplied when using Infinispan to buffer event data. See theconfiguration propertiesin thelog.mining.buffer.infinispan.cache
namespace. The contents of these configuration properties depend on whether the connector is to integrate with a remote Infinispan cluster or to use the embedded engine.
例如,the following illustrates what an embedded configuration would look like for the transaction cache property when using Infinispan in embedded mode:
Looking at the configuration in-depth, the cache is configured to be persistent. All caches should be configured this way to avoid loss of transaction events across connector restarts if a transaction is in-progress. Additionally, the location where the cache is kept is defined by thepath
attribute and this should be a shared location accessible all possible runtime environments.
When supplying XML configuration as a JSON connector property value, line breaks must be omitted or replaced with a |
另一个例子,下面的说明了山姆e cache configured with an Infinispan cluster:
Just like the embedded local-cache configuration from the previous example, this configuration is also defined to be persistent. All caches should be configured this way to avoid loss of transaction events across connector restarts if a transaction is in-progress.
However, there are a few differences with noting. First, the cache is defined as a distributed cache rather than a local-cache. Secondly, the cache is defined to use theapplication/x-protostream
encoding, which is required for all Debezium caches. And lastly, nopath
attribute is necessary on the file store definition since the Infinispan cluster will handle this automatically.
The Infinispan buffer type is considered incubating; the cache formats may change between versions and may require a re-snapshot. The migration notes will indicate whether this is needed. Additionally, when removing a Debezium Oracle connector that uses the Infinispan buffer, the persisted cache files are not removed from disk automatically. If the same buffer location will be used by a new connector deployment, the files should be removed manually before deploying the new connector. |
Infinispan Hotrod client integration
The Debezium Oracle connector utilizes the Hotrod client to communicate with the Infinispan cluster. Any connector property that is prefixed withlog.mining.buffer.infinispan.client.
will be passed directly to the Hotrod client using theinfinispan.client.
namespace, allowing for complete customization of how the client is to interact with the cluster.
There is at least one required configuration property that must be supplied when using this Infinspan mode:
-
log.mining.buffer.infinispan.client.hotrod.server_list
-
Specifies the list of Infinispan server hostname and port combinations, using
format.:
SCN gap detection
When the Debezium Oracle connector is configured to use LogMiner, it collects change events from Oracle by using a start and end range that is based on system change numbers (SCNs). The connector manages this range automatically, increasing or decreasing the range depending on whether the connector is able to stream changes in near real-time, or must process a backlog because of large or bulk transactions in the database.
Under certain circumstances, the Oracle database advances the system change number by an unusually high amount, rather than increasing it at a constant rate. Such a jump in the SCN value can occur because of the way that a particular integration interacts with the database, or as a result of events such as hot backups.
The Debezium Oracle connector relies on the following configuration properties to detect the SCN gap and adjust the mining range.
-
log.mining.scn.gap.detection.gap.size.min
-
Specifies the minimum gap size.
-
log.mining.scn.gap.detection.time.interval.max.ms
-
Specifies the maximum time interval.
The connector first compares the difference in the number of changes between the current SCN and the highest SCN in the current mining range. If this difference is greater than the minimum gap size, then the connector has potentially detected a SCN gap. To confirm whether a gap exists, the connector next compares the timestamps of the current SCN and the SCN at the end of the previous mining range. If the difference between the timestamps is less than the maximum time interval, then the existence of an SCN gap is confirmed.
When an SCN gap occurs, the Debezium connector automatically uses the current SCN as the end point for the range of the current mining session. This allows the connector to quickly catch up to the real-time events without mining smaller ranges in between that return no changes because the SCN value was increased by an unexpectedly large number. Additionally, the connector will ignore the mining maximum batch size for this iteration only when this occurs.
SCN gap detection is available only if the large SCN increment occurs while the connector is running and processing near real-time events. |
Data change events
Every data change event that the Oracle connector emits has a key and a value. The structures of the key and value depend on the table from which the change events originate. For information about how Debezium constructs topic names, seeTopic names).
The Debezium Oracle connector ensures that all Kafka Connectschema namesarevalid Avro schema names.This means that the logical server name must start with alphabetic characters or an underscore ([a-z,A-Z,_]), and the remaining characters in the logical server name and all characters in the schema and table names must be alphanumeric characters or an underscore ([a-z,A-Z,0-9,\_]). The connector automatically replaces invalid characters with an underscore character. Unexpected naming conflicts can result when the only distinguishing characters between multiple logical server names, schema names, or table names are not valid characters, and those characters are replaced with underscores. |
Debezium and Kafka Connect are designed aroundcontinuous streams of event messages.然而,这些事件可能会查的结构nge over time, which can be difficult for topic consumers to handle. To facilitate the processing of mutable event structures, each event in Kafka Connect is self-contained. Every message key and value has two parts: aschemaandpayload.The schema describes the structure of the payload, while the payload contains the actual data.
Changes that are performed by the |
Change event keys
For each changed table, the change event key is structured such that a field exists for each column in the primary key (or unique key constraint) of the table at the time when the event is created.
例如,acustomers
table that is defined in theinventory
database schema, might have the following change event key:
CREATE TABLE customers ( id NUMBER(9) GENERATED BY DEFAULT ON NULL AS IDENTITY (START WITH 1001) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, first_name VARCHAR2(255) NOT NULL, last_name VARCHAR2(255) NOT NULL, email VARCHAR2(255) NOT NULL UNIQUE );
If the value of the.transaction
configuration property is set toserver1
, the JSON representation for every change event that occurs in thecustomers
table in the database features the following key structure:
{ "schema": { "type": "struct", "fields": [ { "type": "int32", "optional": false, "field": "ID" } ], "optional": false, "name": "server1.INVENTORY.CUSTOMERS.Key" }, "payload": { "ID": 1004 } }
Theschema
portion of the key contains a Kafka Connect schema that describes the content of the key portion. In the preceding example, thepayload
value is not optional, the structure is defined by a schema namedserver1.DEBEZIUM.CUSTOMERS.Key
, and there is one required field namedid
of typeint32
.The value of the key’spayload
field indicates that it is indeed a structure (which in JSON is just an object) with a singleid
field, whose value is1004
.
Therefore, you can interpret this key as describing the row in theinventory.customers
table (output from the connector namedserver1
) whoseid
primary key column had a value of1004
.
Change event values
Like the message key, the value of a change event message has aschemasection andpayloadsection. The payload section of every change event value produced by the Oracle connector has anenvelopestructure with the following fields:
-
op
-
A mandatory field that contains a string value describing the type of operation. Values for the Oracle connector are
c
for create (or insert),u
for update,d
for delete, andr
for read (in the case of a snapshot). -
before
-
An optional field that, if present, contains the state of the rowbeforethe event occurred. The structure is described by the
server1.INVENTORY.CUSTOMERS.Value
Kafka Connect schema, which theserver1
connector uses for all rows in theinventory.customers
table.
-
after
-
An optional field that if present contains the state of the rowafterthe event occurred. The structure is described by the same
server1.INVENTORY.CUSTOMERS.Value
Kafka Connect schema used inbefore
. -
source
-
强制性字段包含descri结构bing the source metadata for the event, which in the case of Oracle contains these fields: the Debezium version, the connector name, whether the event is part of an ongoing snapshot or not, the transaction id (not while snapshotting), the SCN of the change, and a timestamp representing the point in time when the record was changed in the source database (during snapshotting, this is the point in time of snapshotting).
The |
-
ts_ms
-
An optional field that, if present, contains the time (using the system clock in the JVM running the Kafka Connect task) at which the connector processed the event.
And of course, theschemaportion of the event message’s value contains a schema that describes this envelope structure and the nested fields within it.
createevents
Let’s look at what acreateevent value might look like for ourcustomers
table:
{ "schema": { "type": "struct", "fields": [ { "type": "struct", "fields": [ { "type": "int32", "optional": false, "field": "ID" }, { "type": "string", "optional": false, "field": "FIRST_NAME" }, { "type": "string", "optional": false, "field": "LAST_NAME" }, { "type": "string", "optional": false, "field": "EMAIL" } ], "optional": true, "name": "server1.DEBEZIUM.CUSTOMERS.Value", "field": "before" }, { "type": "struct", "fields": [ { "type": "int32", "optional": false, "field": "ID" }, { "type": "string", "optional": false, "field": "FIRST_NAME" }, { "type": "string", "optional": false, "field": "LAST_NAME" }, { "type": "string", "optional": false, "field": "EMAIL" } ], "optional": true, "name": "server1.DEBEZIUM.CUSTOMERS.Value", "field": "after" }, { "type": "struct", "fields": [ { "type": "string", "optional": true, "field": "version" }, { "type": "string", "optional": false, "field": "name" }, { "type": "int64", "optional": true, "field": "ts_ms" }, { "type": "string", "optional": true, "field": "txId" }, { "type": "string", "optional": true, "field": "scn" }, { "type": "string", "optional": true, "field": "commit_scn" }, { "type": "boolean", "optional": true, "field": "snapshot" } ], "optional": false, "name": "io.debezium.connector.oracle.Source", "field": "source" }, { "type": "string", "optional": false, "field": "op" }, { "type": "int64", "optional": true, "field": "ts_ms" } ], "optional": false, "name": "server1.DEBEZIUM.CUSTOMERS.Envelope" }, "payload": { "before": null, "after": { "ID": 1004, "FIRST_NAME": "Anne", "LAST_NAME": "Kretchmar", "EMAIL": "annek@noanswer.org" }, "source": { "version": "1.8.1.Final", "name": "server1", "ts_ms": 1520085154000, "txId": "6.28.807", "scn": "2122185", "commit_scn": "2122185", "snapshot": false }, "op": "c", "ts_ms": 1532592105975 } }
Examining theschema
portion of the preceding event’svalue, we can see how the following schema are defined:
Theenvelope
The
source
structure (which is specific to the Oracle connector and reused across all events).The table-specific schemas for the
before
andafter
fields.
The names of the schemas for the |
Thepayload
portion of this event’svalue, provides information about the event. It describes that a row was created (op=c
), and shows that theafter
field value contains the values that were inserted into theID
,FIRST_NAME
,LAST_NAME
, andEMAIL
columns of the row.
By default, the JSON representations of events are much larger than the rows they describe. This is true, because the JSON representation must include theschemaand thepayloadportions of the message. You can use theAvro Converterto significantly decrease the size of the messages that the connector writes to Kafka topics. |
updateevents
The value of anupdatechange event on this table has the sameschemaas thecreateevent. The payload uses the same structure, but it holds different values. Here’s an example:
{ "schema": { ... }, "payload": { "before": { "ID": 1004, "FIRST_NAME": "Anne", "LAST_NAME": "Kretchmar", "EMAIL": "annek@noanswer.org" }, "after": { "ID": 1004, "FIRST_NAME": "Anne", "LAST_NAME": "Kretchmar", "EMAIL": "anne@example.com" }, "source": { "version": "1.8.1.Final", "name": "server1", "ts_ms": 1520085811000, "txId": "6.9.809", "scn": "2125544", "commit_scn": "2125544", "snapshot": false }, "op": "u", "ts_ms": 1532592713485 } }
Comparing the value of theupdateevent to thecreate(insert) event, notice the following differences in thepayload
section:
The
op
field value is nowu
, signifying that this row changed because of an updateThe
before
field now has the state of the row with the values before the database commitThe
after
field now has the updated state of the row, and here was can see that theEMAIL
value is nowanne@example.com
.The
source
field structure has the same fields as before, but the values are different since this event is from a different position in the redo log.The
ts_ms
shows the timestamp that Debezium processed this event.
Thepayload
section reveals several other useful pieces of information. For example, by comparing thebefore
andafter
structures, we can determine how a row changed as the result of a commit. Thesource
structure provides information about Oracle’s record of this change, providing traceability. It also gives us insight into when this event occurred in relation to other events in this topic and in other topics. Did it occur before, after, or as part of the same commit as another event?
When the columns for a row’s primary/unique key are updated, the value of the row’s key changes. As a result, Debezium emitsthreeevents after such an update:
|
deleteevents
So far we’ve seen samples ofcreateandupdateevents. Now, let’s look at the value of adeleteevent for the same table. As is the case withcreateandupdateevents, for adelete
event, theschema
portion of the value is exactly the same:
{ "schema": { ... }, "payload": { "before": { "ID": 1004, "FIRST_NAME": "Anne", "LAST_NAME": "Kretchmar", "EMAIL": "anne@example.com" }, "after": null, "source": { "version": "1.8.1.Final", "name": "server1", "ts_ms": 1520085153000, "txId": "6.28.807", "scn": "2122184", "commit_scn": "2122184", "snapshot": false }, "op": "d", "ts_ms": 1532592105960 } }
If we look at thepayload
portion, we see a number of differences compared with thecreateorupdateevent payloads:
The
op
field value is nowd
, signifying that this row was deletedThe
before
field now has the state of the row that was deleted with the database commit.The
after
field is null, signifying that the row no longer existsThe
source
field structure has many of the same values as before, except thets_ms
,scn
andtxId
fields have changedThe
ts_ms
shows the timestamp that Debezium processed this event.
This event gives a consumer all kinds of information that it can use to process the removal of this row.
The Oracle connector’s events are designed to work withKafka log compaction, which allows for the removal of some older messages as long as at least the most recent message for every key is kept. This allows Kafka to reclaim storage space while ensuring the topic contains a complete dataset and can be used for reloading key-based state.
When a row is deleted, thedeleteevent value listed above still works with log compaction, since Kafka can still remove all earlier messages with that same key. The message value must be set tonull
to instruct Kafka to removeall messagesthat share the same key. To make this possible, by default, Debezium’s Oracle connector always follows adeleteevent with a specialtombstoneevent that has the same key butnull
value. You can change the default behavior by setting the connector propertytombstones.on.delete
.
truncateevents
Atruncatechange event signals that a table has been truncated. The message key isnull
in this case, the message value looks like this:
{ "schema": { ... }, "payload": { "before": null, "after": null, "source": {(1)"version": "1.8.1.Final", "connector": "oracle", "name": "oracle_server", "ts_ms": 1638974535000, "snapshot": "false", "db": "ORCLPDB1", "sequence": null, "schema": "DEBEZIUM", "table": "TEST_TABLE", "txId": "02000a0037030000", "scn": "13234397", "commit_scn": "13271102", "lcr_position": null }, "op": "t",(2)"ts_ms": 1638974558961,(3)"transaction": null } }
Item | Field name | Description |
---|---|---|
1 |
|
Mandatory field that describes the source metadata for the event. In atruncateevent value, the
|
2 |
|
Mandatory string that describes the type of operation. The |
3 |
|
Optional field that displays the time at which the connector processed the event. The time is based on the system clock in the JVM running the Kafka Connect task. + In the |
Note that sincetruncateevents represent a change made to an entire table and don’t have a message key, unless you’re working with topics with a single partition, there are no ordering guarantees for the change events pertaining to a table (create,update, etc.) andtruncateevents for that table. For instance a consumer may receive anupdateevent only after atruncateevent for that table, when those events are read from different partitions.
Iftruncateevents are not desired, they can be filtered out with theskipped.operations
option.
Data type mappings
To represent changes that occur in a table rows, the Debezium Oracle connector emits change events that are structured like the table in which the rows exists. The event contains a field for each column value. Column values are represented according to the Oracle data type of the column. The following sections describe how the connector maps oracle data types to aliteral typeand asemantic typein event fields.
- literal type
-
Describes how the value is literally represented using Kafka Connect schema types:
INT8
,INT16
,INT32
,INT64
,FLOAT32
,FLOAT64
,BOOLEAN
,STRING
,BYTES
,ARRAY
,MAP
, andSTRUCT
. - semantic type
-
Describes how the Kafka Connect schema captures themeaningof the field using the name of the Kafka Connect schema for the field.
Support for further data types is planned for subsequent releases. Please file aJIRA issuefor any specific types that might be missing.
Character types
The following table describes how the connector maps basic character types.
Oracle数据类型 | Literal type (schema type) | Semantic type (schema name) and Notes |
---|---|---|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
n/a |
|
|
n/a |
|
|
n/a |
|
|
n/a |
Binary and Character LOB types
Support for these data types is currently in incubating state, that is, the exact semantics, configuration options and so forth might change in future revisions, based on feedback we receive. Please let us know if you encounter any problems while using these data types. |
The following table describes how the connector maps binary and character large object (LOB) data types.
Oracle数据类型 | Literal type (schema type) | Semantic type (schema name) and Notes |
---|---|---|
|
|
Either the raw bytes (the default), a base64-encoded String, or a hex-encoded String, based on the |
|
|
n/a |
|
n/a |
This data type is not supported. |
|
n/a |
This data type is not supported. |
|
|
n/a |
|
n/a |
This data type is not supported. |
Oracle only supplies column values for If the value of a |
Numeric types
The following table describes how the connector maps numeric types.
Oracle数据类型 | Literal type (schema type) | Semantic type (schema name) and Notes |
---|---|---|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Boolean types
Oracle does not natively have support for aBOOLEAN
data type; however, it is common practice to use other data types with certain semantics to simulate the concept of a logicalBOOLEAN
data type.
The operator can configure the out-of-the-boxNumberOneToBooleanConverter
custom converter that would either map allNUMBER(1)
columns to aBOOLEAN
or if theselector
parameter is set, then a subset of columns could be enumerated using a comma-separated list of regular expressions.
Following is an example configuration:
converters=boolean boolean.type=io.debezium.connector.oracle.converters.NumberOneToBooleanConverter boolean.selector=.*MYTABLE.FLAG,.*.IS_ARCHIVED
Decimal types
The setting of the Oracle connector configuration property,decimal.handling.mode
决定连接器地图十进制类型。
When thedecimal.handling.mode
property is set toprecise
, the connector uses Kafka Connectorg.apache.kafka.connect.data.Decimal
logical type for allDECIMAL
andNUMERIC
columns. This is the default mode.
However, when thedecimal.handling.mode
property is set todouble
都伯,连接器代表值作为Javale values with schema typeFLOAT64
.
You can also set thedecimal.handling.mode
configuration property to use thestring
option. When the property is set tostring
, the connector representsDECIMAL
andNUMERIC
values as their formatted string representation with schema typeSTRING
.
Temporal types
Other than Oracle’sINTERVAL
,TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE
andTIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE
data types, the other temporal types depend on the value of thetime.precision.mode
configuration property.
When thetime.precision.mode
configuration property is set toadaptive
(the default), then the connector determines the literal and semantic type for the temporal types based on the column’s data type definition so that eventsexactlyrepresent the values in the database:
Oracle data type | Literal type (schema type) | Semantic type (schema name) and Notes |
---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When thetime.precision.mode
configuration property is set toconnect
, then the connector uses the predefined Kafka Connect logical types. This can be useful when consumers only know about the built-in Kafka Connect logical types and are unable to handle variable-precision time values. Because the level of precision that Oracle supports exceeds the level that the logical types in Kafka Connect support, if you settime.precision.mode
toconnect
,a loss of precisionresults when thefractional second precisionvalue of a database column is greater than 3:
Oracle data type | Literal type (schema type) | Semantic type (schema name) and Notes |
---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ROWID types
The following table describes how the connector maps ROWID (row address) data types.
Oracle数据类型 | Literal type (schema type) | Semantic type (schema name) and Notes |
---|---|---|
|
|
This data type is not supported when using Oracle XStream. |
|
n/a |
This data type is not supported. |
Default Values
If a default value is specified for a column in the database schema, the Oracle connector will attempt to propagate this value to the schema of the corresponding Kafka record field. Most common data types are supported, including:
Character types (
CHAR
,NCHAR
,VARCHAR
,VARCHAR2
,NVARCHAR
,NVARCHAR2
)Numeric types (
INTEGER
,NUMERIC
, etc.)Temporal types (
DATE
,TIMESTAMP
,INTERVAL
, etc.)
If a temporal type uses a function call such asTO_TIMESTAMP
orTO_DATE
to represent the default value, the connector will resolve the default value by making an additional database call to evaluate the function. For example, if aDATE
column is defined with the default value ofTO_DATE('2021-01-02', 'YYYY-MM-DD')
, the column’s default value will be the number of days since epoch for that date or18629
in this case.
If a temporal type uses theSYSDATE
constant to represent the default value, the connector will resolve this based on whether the column is defined asNOT NULL
orNULL
.If the column is nullable, no default value will be set; however, if the column isn’t nullable then the default value will be resolved as either0
(forDATE
orTIMESTAMP(n)
data types) or1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
(forTIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE
orTIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE
data types). The default value type will be numeric except if the column is aTIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE
orTIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE
in which case its emitted as a string.
Setting up Oracle
The following steps are necessary to set up Oracle for use with the Debezium Oracle connector. These steps assume the use of the multi-tenancy configuration with a container database and at least one pluggable database. If you do not intend to use a multi-tenant configuration, it might be necessary to adjust the following steps.
For information about using Vagrant to set up Oracle in a virtual machine, see theDebezium Vagrant Box for Oracle databaseGitHub repository.
Preparing the database
ORACLE_SID=ORACLCDB dbz_oracle sqlplus /nolog CONNECT sys/top_secret AS SYSDBA alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size = 10G; alter system set db_recovery_file_dest = '/opt/oracle/oradata/recovery_area' scope=spfile; shutdown immediate startup mount alter database archivelog; alter database open; -- Should now "Database log mode: Archive Mode" archive log list exit;
In addition, supplemental logging must be enabled for captured tables or the database in order for data changes to capture thebeforestate of changed database rows. The following illustrates how to configure this on a specific table, which is the ideal choice to minimize the amount of information captured in the Oracle redo logs.
ALTER TABLE inventory.customers ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA (ALL) COLUMNS;
Minimal supplemental logging must be enabled at the database level and can be configured as follows.
ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;
Redo log sizing
Depending on the database configuration, the size and number of redo logs might not be sufficient to achieve acceptable performance. Before you set up the Debezium Oracle connector, ensure that the capacity of the redo logs is sufficient to support the database.
The capacity of the redo logs for a database must be sufficient to store its data dictionary. In general, the size of the data dictionary increases with the number of tables and columns in the database. If the redo log lacks sufficient capacity, both the database and the Debezium connector might experience performance problems.
Consult with your database administrator to evaluate whether the database might require increased log capacity.
Creating users for the connector
For the Debezium Oracle connector to capture change events, it must run as an Oracle LogMiner user that has specific permissions. The following example shows the SQL for creating an Oracle user account for the connector in a multi-tenant database model.
The connector captures database changes that are made by its own Oracle user account. However, it does not capture changes that are made by the |
sqlplus sys/top_secret@//localhost:1521/ORCLCDB as sysdba CREATE TABLESPACE logminer_tbs DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/logminer_tbs.dbf' SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; exit; sqlplus sys/top_secret@//localhost:1521/ORCLPDB1 as sysdba CREATE TABLESPACE logminer_tbs DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/logminer_tbs.dbf' SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; exit; sqlplus sys/top_secret@//localhost:1521/ORCLCDB as sysdba CREATE USER c##dbzuser IDENTIFIED BY dbz DEFAULT TABLESPACE logminer_tbs QUOTA UNLIMITED ON logminer_tbs CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT CREATE SESSION TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SET CONTAINER TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ON V_$DATABASE to c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT FLASHBACK ANY TABLE TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ANY TABLE TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ANY TRANSACTION TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT LOGMINING TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT CREATE TABLE TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT LOCK ANY TABLE TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT CREATE SEQUENCE TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_LOGMNR TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_LOGMNR_D TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOG TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOG_HISTORY TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGMNR_LOGS TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGMNR_CONTENTS TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGMNR_PARAMETERS TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGFILE TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ON V_$ARCHIVED_LOG TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ON V_$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ON V_$TRANSACTION TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; exit;
Deployment
To deploy a Debezium Oracle connector, you install the Debezium Oracle connector archive, configure the connector, and start the connector by adding its configuration to Kafka Connect.
Apache ZooKeeper,Apache Kafka, andKafka Connectare installed.
Oracle Database is installed, and isconfigured to work with the Debezium connector.
You have a copies of the Oracle JDBC driver and the XStream API JAR.
Due to licensing requirements, the Debezium Oracle connector does not ship with the Oracle JDBC driver or XStream API files. You must download these files directly from Oracle and add them to your environment. For more information, seeObtaining the Oracle JDBC driver and XStream API files.
Download the DebeziumOracle connector plug-in archive.
Extract the files into your Kafka Connect environment.
Add the directory with the JAR files toKafka Connect’s
plugin.path
.Configure the connectorandadd the configuration to your Kafka Connect cluster.
Restart your Kafka Connect process to pick up the new JAR files.
Obtaining the Oracle JDBC driver and XStream API files
The Debezium Oracle connector requires the Oracle JDBC driver (ojdbc8.jar
) to connect to Oracle databases. If the connector uses XStreams to access the database, you must also have the XStream API (xstreams.jar
). Licensing requirements prohibit Debezium from including these files in the Oracle connector archive. However, the required files are available for free download as part of the Oracle Instant Client. The following steps describe how to download the Oracle Instant Client and extract the required files.
From a browser, download theOracle Instant Client packagefor your operating system.
Extract the archive and then open the
instantclient_
directory.For example:
instantclient_21_1/ ├── adrci ├── BASIC_LITE_LICENSE ├── BASIC_LITE_README ├── genezi ├── libclntshcore.so -> libclntshcore.so.21.1 ├── libclntshcore.so.12.1 -> libclntshcore.so.21.1 ... ├── ojdbc8.jar ├── ucp.jar ├── uidrvci └── xstreams.jar
Copy the
ojdbc8.jar
andxstreams.jar
files, and add them to the
directory, for example,/libs kafka/libs
.In environments that use the Oracle LogMiner implementation, copy only the
ojdbc8.jar
file. Thexstreams.jar
file is only required in environments that use the Oracle XStreams implementation.If you are using the XStreams implementation, create an environment variable,
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
, and set its value to the path to the Instant Client directory, for example:LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/instant_client/
The
LD_LIBRARY_PATH
environment variable is not required if you run the Oracle LogMiner implementation.
Debezium Oracle connector configuration
Typically, you register a Debezium Oracle connector by submitting a JSON request that specifies the configuration properties for the connector. The following example shows a JSON request for registering an instance of the Debezium Oracle connector with logical nameserver1
at port 1521:
You can choose to produce events for a subset of the schemas and tables in a database. Optionally, you can ignore, mask, or truncate columns that contain sensitive data, that are larger than a specified size, or that you do not need.
{ "name": "inventory-connector",(1)"config": { "connector.class" : "io.debezium.connector.oracle.OracleConnector",(2)"database.hostname" : "",(3)"database.port" : "1521",(4)"database.user" : "c##dbzuser",(5)"database.password" : "dbz",(6)"database.dbname" : "ORCLCDB",(7)"database.server.name" : "server1",(8)"tasks.max" : "1",(9)"database.pdb.name" : "ORCLPDB1",(10)"database.history.kafka.bootstrap.servers" : "kafka:9092",(11)"database.history.kafka.topic": "schema-changes.inventory"(12)} }
1 | The name that is assigned to the connector when you register it with a Kafka Connect service. |
2 | The name of this Oracle connector class. |
3 | The address of the Oracle instance. |
4 | The port number of the Oracle instance. |
5 | The name of the Oracle user, as specified inCreating users for the connector. |
6 | The password for the Oracle user, as specified inCreating users for the connector. |
7 | The name of the database to capture changes from. |
8 | Logical name that identifies and provides a namespace for the Oracle database server from which the connector captures changes. |
9 | The maximum number of tasks to create for this connector. |
10 | The name of the Oracle pluggable database that the connector captures changes from. Used in container database (CDB) installations only. |
11 | The list of Kafka brokers that this connector uses to write and recover DDL statements to the database history topic. |
12 | The name of the database history topic where the connector writes and recovers DDL statements. This topic is for internal use only and should not be used by consumers. |
In the previous example, thedatabase.hostname
anddatabase.port
properties are used to define the connection to the database host. However, in more complex Oracle deployments, or in deployments that use TNS names, you can use an alternative method in which you specify a JDBC URL.
The following JSON example shows the same configuration as in the preceding example, except that it uses a JDBC URL to connect to the database.
{" name ": " inventory-connector”、“配置”:{“康涅狄格州ector.class" : "io.debezium.connector.oracle.OracleConnector", "tasks.max" : "1", "database.server.name" : "server1", "database.user" : "c##dbzuser", "database.password" : "dbz", "database.url": "jdbc:oracle:thin:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(LOAD_BALANCE=OFF)(FAILOVER=ON)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)))(CONNECT_DATA=SERVICE_NAME=)(SERVER=DEDICATED)))", "database.dbname" : "ORCLCDB", "database.pdb.name" : "ORCLPDB1", "database.history.kafka.bootstrap.servers" : "kafka:9092", "database.history.kafka.topic": "schema-changes.inventory" } }
Pluggable vs Non-Pluggable databases
Oracle Database supports the following deployment types:
- Container database (CDB)
-
A database that can contain multiple pluggable databases (PDBs). Database clients connect to each PDB as if it were a standard, non-CDB database.
- Non-container database (non-CDB)
-
A standard Oracle database, which does not support the creation of pluggable databases.
{ "config": { "connector.class" : "io.debezium.connector.oracle.OracleConnector", "tasks.max" : "1", "database.server.name" : "server1", "database.hostname" : "", "database.port" : "1521", "database.user" : "c##dbzuser", "database.password" : "dbz", "database.dbname" : "ORCLCDB", "database.pdb.name" : "ORCLPDB1", "database.history.kafka.bootstrap.servers" : "kafka:9092", "database.history.kafka.topic": "schema-changes.inventory" } }
When you configure a Debezium Oracle connector for use with an Oracle CDB, you must specify a value for the property |
{ "config": { "connector.class" : "io.debezium.connector.oracle.OracleConnector", "tasks.max" : "1", "database.server.name" : "server1", "database.hostname" : "", "database.port" : "1521", "database.user" : "c##dbzuser", "database.password" : "dbz", "database.dbname" : "ORCLCDB", "database.history.kafka.bootstrap.servers" : "kafka:9092", "database.history.kafka.topic": "schema-changes.inventory" } }
For the complete list of the configuration properties that you can set for the Debezium Oracle connector, seeOracle connector properties.
You can send this configuration with aPOST
command to a running Kafka Connect service. The service records the configuration and starts a connector task that performs the following operations:
Connects to the Oracle database.
Reads the redo log.
Records change events to Kafka topics.
Adding connector configuration
To start running a Debezium Oracle connector, create a connector configuration, and add the configuration to your Kafka Connect cluster.
The Debezium Oracle connector is installed.
Create aconfiguration甲骨文的连接器。
Use theKafka Connect REST APIto add that connector configuration to your Kafka Connect cluster.
After the connector starts, itperforms a consistent snapshotof the Oracle databases that the connector is configured for. The connector then starts generating data change events for row-level operations and streaming the change event records to Kafka topics.
Connector properties
The Debezium Oracle connector has numerous configuration properties that you can use to achieve the right connector behavior for your application. Many properties have default values. Information about the properties is organized as follows:
开云体育电动老虎机历史数据库连接器反对figuration propertiesthat control how Debezium processes events that it reads from the database history topic.
Pass-through database driver propertiesthat control the behavior of the database driver.
Required Debezium Oracle connector configuration properties
The following configuration properties arerequiredunless a default value is available.
Property |
Default |
Description |
No default |
Unique name for the connector. Attempting to register again with the same name will fail. (This property is required by all Kafka Connect connectors.) |
|
No default |
The name of the Java class for the connector. Always use a value of |
|
|
The maximum number of tasks that should be created for this connector. The Oracle connector always uses a single task and therefore does not use this value, so the default is always acceptable. |
|
No default |
IP address or hostname of the Oracle database server. |
|
No default |
Integer port number of the Oracle database server. |
|
No default |
Name of the Oracle user account that the connector uses to connect to the Oracle database server. |
|
No default |
Password to use when connecting to the Oracle database server. |
|
No default |
Name of the database to connect to. Must be the CDB name when working with the CDB + PDB model. |
|
No default |
Specifies the raw database JDBC URL. Use this property to provide flexibility in defining that database connection. Valid values include raw TNS names and RAC connection strings. |
|
No default |
Name of the Oracle pluggable database to connect to. Use this property with container database (CDB) installations only. |
|
No default |
Logical name that identifies and provides a namespace for the Oracle database server from which the connector captures changes. The value that you set is used as a prefix for all Kafka topic names that the connector emits. Specify a logical name that is unique among all connectors in your Debezium environment. The following characters are valid: alphanumeric characters, hyphens, dots, and underscores. |
|
|
The adapter implementation that the connector uses when it streams database changes. You can set the following values:
|
|
initial |
Specifies the mode that the connector uses to take snapshots of a captured table. You can set the following values:
After the snapshot is complete, the connector continues to read change events from the database’s redo logs. For more information, see thetable of |
|
shared |
Controls whether and for how long the connector holds a table lock. Table locks prevent certain types of changes table operations from occurring while the connector performs a snapshot. You can set the following values:
|
|
All tables specified in |
An optional, comma-separated list of regular expressions that match the fully-qualified names ( This property does not affect the behavior of incremental snapshots. |
|
No default |
Specifies the table rows to include in a snapshot. Use the property if you want a snapshot to include only a subset of the rows in a table. This property affects snapshots only. It does not apply to events that the connector reads from the log. The property contains a comma-separated list of fully-qualified table names in the form From a "snapshot.select.statement.overrides": "customer.orders", "snapshot.select.statement.overrides.customer.orders": "SELECT * FROM [customers].[orders] WHERE delete_flag = 0 ORDER BY id DESC" In the resulting snapshot, the connector includes only the records for which |
|
No default |
An optional, comma-separated list of regular expressions that match names of schemas for which youwantto capture changes. Any schema name not included in |
|
|
Boolean value that specifies whether the connector should parse and publish table and column comments on metadata objects. Enabling this option will bring the implications on memory usage. The number and size of logical schema objects is what largely impacts how much memory is consumed by the Debezium connectors, and adding potentially large string data to each of them can potentially be quite expensive. |
|
No default |
An optional, comma-separated list of regular expressions that match names of schemas for which youdo notwant to capture changes. Any schema whose name is not included in |
|
No default |
一个可选的以逗号分隔的正则表达sions that match fully-qualified table identifiers for tables to be monitored. Tables that are not included in the include list are excluded from monitoring. Each table identifier uses the following format: |
|
No default |
一个可选的以逗号分隔的正则表达sions that match fully-qualified table identifiers for tables to be excluded from monitoring. The connector captures change events from any table that is not specified in the exclude list. Specify the identifier for each table using the following format: Do not use this property in combination with |
|
No default |
一个可选的以逗号分隔的正则表达sions that match the fully-qualified names of columns that want to include in the change event message values. Fully-qualified names for columns use the following format: |
|
No default |
一个可选的以逗号分隔的正则表达sions that match the fully-qualified names of columns that you want to exclude from change event message values. Fully-qualified column names use the following format: |
|
n/a |
An optional, comma-separated list of regular expressions that match the fully-qualified names of character-based columns. Fully-qualified names for columns are of the form A pseudonym consists of the hashed value that results from applying the specifiedhashAlgorithmandsalt.Based on the hash function that is used, referential integrity is maintained, while column values are replaced with pseudonyms. Supported hash functions are described in theMessageDigest sectionof the Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation. column.mask.hash.SHA-256.with.salt.CzQMA0cB5K = inventory.orders.customerName, inventory.shipment.customerName If necessary, the pseudonym is automatically shortened to the length of the column. The connector configuration can include multiple properties that specify different hash algorithms and salts. |
|
bytes |
Specifies how binary ( |
|
|
Specifies how the connector should handle floating point values for
|
|
|
Specifies how the connector should handle values for |
|
|
Specifies how the connector should react to exceptions during processing of events. You can set one of the following options:
|
|
|
一个正整数的值指定了极限m size of the blocking queue. Change events read from the database log are placed in the blocking queue before they are written to Kafka. This queue can provide backpressure to the binlog reader when, for example, writes to Kafka are slow, or if Kafka is not available. Events that appear in the queue are not included in the offsets that the connector records periodically. Always specify a value that is larger than the maximum batch size that specified for the |
|
|
一个正整数的值指定了极限m size of each batch of events to process during each iteration of this connector. |
|
|
Long value for the maximum size in bytes of the blocking queue. To activate the feature, set the value to a positive long data type. |
|
|
Positive integer value that specifies the number of milliseconds the connector should wait during each iteration for new change events to appear. |
|
|
Controls whether adeleteevent is followed by a tombstone event. The following values are possible:
After a source record is deleted, a tombstone event (the default behavior) enables Kafka to completely delete all events that share the key of the deleted row in topics that havelog compactionenabled. |
|
No default |
A list of expressions that specify the columns that the connector uses to form custom message keys for change event records that it publishes to the Kafka topics for specified tables. By default, Debezium uses the primary key column of a table as the message key for records that it emits. In place of the default, or to specify a key for tables that lack a primary key, you can configure custom message keys based on one or more columns. |
|
No default |
一个可选的以逗号分隔的正则表达sions that match the fully-qualified names of character-based columns to be truncated in change event messages if their length exceeds the specified number of characters. Length is specified as a positive integer. A configuration can include multiple properties that specify different lengths. Specify the fully-qualified name for columns by using the following format: |
|
No default |
一个可选的以逗号分隔的正则表达sions for masking column names in change event messages by replacing characters with asterisks ( |
|
No default |
一个可选的以逗号分隔的正则表达sions that match the fully-qualified names of columns whose original type and length should be added as a parameter to the corresponding field schemas in the emitted change messages. The schema parameters |
|
No default |
一个可选的以逗号分隔的正则表达sions that match the database-specific data type name of columns whose original type and length should be added as a parameter to the corresponding field schemas in the emitted change messages. The schema parameters |
|
|
Specifies, in milliseconds, how frequently the connector sends messages to a heartbeat topic. |
|
|
Specifies the string that prefixes the name of the topic to which the connector sends heartbeat messages. |
|
No default |
Specifies an interval in milliseconds that the connector waits after it starts before it takes a snapshot. |
|
|
Specifies the maximum number of rows that should be read in one go from each table while taking a snapshot. The connector reads table contents in multiple batches of the specified size. |
|
|
Specifies whether field names are normalized to comply with Avro naming requirements. For more information, seeAvro naming. |
|
|
Set the property to SeeTransaction Metadatafor additional details. |
|
|
Controls the name of the topic to which the connector sends transaction metadata messages. The placeholder |
|
|
Specifies the mining strategy that controls how Oracle LogMiner builds and uses a given data dictionary for resolving table and column ids to names. |
|
|
The buffer type controls how the connector manages buffering transaction data. |
|
No default |
The XML configuration for the Infinispan transaction cache. For more information, seeInfinispan event buffering. |
|
No default |
The XML configuration for the Infinispan events cache. For more information, seeInfinispan event buffering. |
|
No default |
The XML configuration for the Infinispan processed transactions cache. For more information, seeInfinispan event buffering. |
|
No default |
The XML configuration for the Infinispan schema changes cache. |
|
|
Specifies whether the buffer state is deleted after the connector stops in a graceful, expected way. |
|
|
The minimum SCN interval size that this connector attempts to read from redo/archive logs. Active batch size is also increased/decreased by this amount for tuning connector throughput when needed. |
|
|
The maximum SCN interval size that this connector uses when reading from redo/archive logs. |
|
|
The starting SCN interval size that the connector uses for reading data from redo/archive logs. |
|
|
The minimum amount of time that the connector sleeps after reading data from redo/archive logs and before starting reading data again. Value is in milliseconds. |
|
|
The maximum amount of time that the connector ill sleeps after reading data from redo/archive logs and before starting reading data again. Value is in milliseconds. |
|
|
The starting amount of time that the connector sleeps after reading data from redo/archive logs and before starting reading data again. Value is in milliseconds. |
|
|
The maximum amount of time up or down that the connector uses to tune the optimal sleep time when reading data from logminer. Value is in milliseconds. |
|
|
The number of content records that the connector fetches from the LogMiner content view. |
|
|
The number of hours in the past from SYSDATE to mine archive logs. When the default setting ( |
|
|
Controls whether or not the connector mines changes from just archive logs or a combination of the online redo logs and archive logs (the default). |
|
|
The number of milliseconds the connector will sleep in between polling to determine if the starting system change number is in the archive logs. If |
|
|
Positive integer value that specifies the number of hours to retain long running transactions between redo log switches. When set to The LogMiner adapter maintains an in-memory buffer of all running transactions. Because all of the DML operations that are part of a transaction are buffered until a commit or rollback is detected, long-running transactions should be avoided in order to not overflow that buffer. Any transaction that exceeds this configured value is discarded entirely, and the connector does not emit any messages for the operations that were part of the transaction. While this option allows the behavior to be configured on a case-by-case basis, we have plans to enhance this behavior in a future release by means of adding a scalable transaction buffer, (seeDBZ-3123). |
|
No default |
Specifies the configured Oracle archive destination to use when mining archive logs with LogMiner. |
|
No default |
List of database users to exclude from the LogMiner query. It can be useful to set this property if you want the capturing process to always exclude the changes that specific users make. |
|
|
Specifies a value that the connector compares to the difference between the current and previous SCN values to determine whether an SCN gap exists. If the difference between the SCN values is greater than the specified value, and the time difference is smaller than |
|
|
Specifies a value, in milliseconds, that the connector compares to the difference between the current and previous SCN timestamps to determine whether an SCN gap exists. If the difference between the timestamps is less than the specified value, and the SCN delta is greater than |
|
|
Controls whether or not large object (CLOB or BLOB) column values are emitted in change events. |
|
|
Specifies the constant that the connector provides to indicate that the original value is unchanged and not provided by the database. |
|
No default |
A comma-separated list of Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) node host names or addresses. This field is required to enable Oracle RAC support. Specify the list of RAC nodes by using one of the following methods:
If you supply a raw JDBC URL for the database by using the |
|
No default |
A comma-separated list of the operation types that you want the connector to skip during streaming. You can configure the connector to skip the following types of operations:
By default, no operations are skipped. |
|
No default value |
Fully-qualified name of the data collection that is used to sendsignalsto the connector. |
|
|
The maximum number of rows that the connector fetches and reads into memory during an incremental snapshot chunk. Increasing the chunk size provides greater efficiency, because the snapshot runs fewer snapshot queries of a greater size. However, larger chunk sizes also require more memory to buffer the snapshot data. Adjust the chunk size to a value that provides the best performance in your environment. |
Debezium Oracle connector database history configuration properties
Debezium provides a set ofdatabase.history.*
属性,续rol how the connector interacts with the schema history topic.
The following table describes thedatabase.history
properties for configuring the Debezium connector.
Property | Default | Description |
---|---|---|
The full name of the Kafka topic where the connector stores the database schema history. |
||
A list of host/port pairs that the connector uses for establishing an initial connection to the Kafka cluster. This connection is used for retrieving the database schema history previously stored by the connector, and for writing each DDL statement read from the source database. Each pair should point to the same Kafka cluster used by the Kafka Connect process. |
||
|
An integer value that specifies the maximum number of milliseconds the connector should wait during startup/recovery while polling for persisted data. The default is 100ms. |
|
|
The maximum number of times that the connector should try to read persisted history data before the connector recovery fails with an error. The maximum amount of time to wait after receiving no data is |
|
|
A Boolean value that specifies whether the connector should ignore malformed or unknown database statements or stop processing so a human can fix the issue. The safe default is |
|
Deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future release; use |
|
A Boolean value that specifies whether the connector should record all DDL statements
The safe default is |
|
A Boolean value that specifies whether the connector should record all DDL statements
The safe default is |
Debezium relies on a Kafka producer to write schema changes to database history topics. Similarly, it relies on a Kafka consumer to read from database history topics when a connector starts. You define the configuration for the Kafka producer and consumer clients by assigning values to a set of pass-through configuration properties that begin with thedatabase.history.producer.*
anddatabase.history.consumer.*
prefixes. The pass-through producer and consumer database history properties control a range of behaviors, such as how these clients secure connections with the Kafka broker, as shown in the following example:
database.history.producer.security.protocol=SSL database.history.producer.ssl.keystore.location=/var/private/ssl/kafka.server.keystore.jks database.history.producer.ssl.keystore.password=test1234 database.history.producer.ssl.truststore.location=/var/private/ssl/kafka.server.truststore.jks database.history.producer.ssl.truststore.password=test1234 database.history.producer.ssl.key.password=test1234 database.history.consumer.security.protocol=SSL database.history.consumer.ssl.keystore.location=/var/private/ssl/kafka.server.keystore.jks database.history.consumer.ssl.keystore.password=test1234 database.history.consumer.ssl.truststore.location=/var/private/ssl/kafka.server.truststore.jks database.history.consumer.ssl.truststore.password=test1234 database.history.consumer.ssl.key.password=test1234
Debezium strips the prefix from the property name before it passes the property to the Kafka client.
See the Kafka documentation for more details aboutKafka producer configuration propertiesandKafka consumer configuration properties.
Debezium Oracle connector pass-through database driver configuration properties
The Debezium connector provides for pass-through configuration of the database driver. Pass-through database properties begin with the prefixdatabase.*
.例如,the connector passes properties such asdatabase.foobar=false
to the JDBC URL.
As is the case with thepass-through properties for database history clients, Debezium strips the prefixes from the properties before it passes them to the database driver.
Monitoring
The Debezium Oracle connector provides three metric types in addition to the built-in support for JMX metrics that Apache Zookeeper, Apache Kafka, and Kafka Connect have.
snapshot metrics; for monitoring the connector when performing snapshots
streaming metrics; for monitoring the connector when processing change events
schema history metrics; for monitoring the status of the connector’s schema history
Please refer to themonitoring documentationfor details of how to expose these metrics via JMX.
Snapshot Metrics
TheMBeanisdebezium.oracle:type=connector-metrics,context=snapshot,server=
.
Snapshot metrics are not exposed unless a snapshot operation is active, or if a snapshot has occurred since the last connector start.
The following table lists the shapshot metrics that are available.
Attributes | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
The last snapshot event that the connector has read. |
|
|
The number of milliseconds since the connector has read and processed the most recent event. |
|
|
The total number of events that this connector has seen since last started or reset. |
|
|
The number of events that have been filtered by include/exclude list filtering rules configured on the connector. |
|
|
The list of tables that are captured by the connector. |
|
|
The length the queue used to pass events between the snapshotter and the main Kafka Connect loop. |
|
|
The free capacity of the queue used to pass events between the snapshotter and the main Kafka Connect loop. |
|
|
The total number of tables that are being included in the snapshot. |
|
|
The number of tables that the snapshot has yet to copy. |
|
|
Whether the snapshot was started. |
|
|
Whether the snapshot was aborted. |
|
|
Whether the snapshot completed. |
|
|
The total number of seconds that the snapshot has taken so far, even if not complete. |
|
|
Map containing the number of rows scanned for each table in the snapshot. Tables are incrementally added to the Map during processing. Updates every 10,000 rows scanned and upon completing a table. |
|
|
The maximum buffer of the queue in bytes. It will be enabled if |
|
|
The current data of records in the queue in bytes. |
The connector also provides the following additional snapshot metrics when an incremental snapshot is executed:
Attributes | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
The identifier of the current snapshot chunk. |
|
|
The lower bound of the primary key set defining the current chunk. |
|
|
The upper bound of the primary key set defining the current chunk. |
|
|
The lower bound of the primary key set of the currently snapshotted table. |
|
|
The upper bound of the primary key set of the currently snapshotted table. |
Streaming Metrics
TheMBeanisdebezium.oracle:type=connector-metrics,context=streaming,server=
.
The following table lists the streaming metrics that are available.
Attributes | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
The last streaming event that the connector has read. |
|
|
The number of milliseconds since the connector has read and processed the most recent event. |
|
|
The total number of events that this connector has seen since last started or reset. |
|
|
The number of events that have been filtered by include/exclude list filtering rules configured on the connector. |
|
|
The list of tables that are captured by the connector. |
|
|
The length the queue used to pass events between the streamer and the main Kafka Connect loop. |
|
|
The free capacity of the queue used to pass events between the streamer and the main Kafka Connect loop. |
|
|
Flag that denotes whether the connector is currently connected to the database server. |
|
|
The number of milliseconds between the last change event’s timestamp and the connector processing it. The values will incoporate any differences between the clocks on the machines where the database server and the connector are running. |
|
|
The number of processed transactions that were committed. |
|
|
The coordinates of the last received event. |
|
|
Transaction identifier of the last processed transaction. |
|
|
The maximum buffer of the queue in bytes. |
|
|
The current data of records in the queue in bytes. |
The Debezium Oracle connector also provides the following additional streaming metrics:
Attributes | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
The most recent system change number that has been processed. |
|
|
The oldest system change number in the transaction buffer. |
|
|
The last committed system change number from the transaction buffer. |
|
|
The system change number currently written to the connector’s offsets. |
|
|
Array of the log files that are currently mined. |
|
|
The minimum number of logs specified for any LogMiner session. |
|
|
The maximum number of logs specified for any LogMiner session. |
|
|
Array of the current state for each mined logfile with the format |
|
|
The number of times the database has performed a log switch for the last day. |
|
|
The number of DML operations observed in the last LogMiner session query. |
|
|
The maximum number of DML operations observed while processing a single LogMiner session query. |
|
|
The total number of DML operations observed. |
|
|
The total number of LogMiner session query (aka batches) performed. |
|
|
The duration of the last LogMiner session query’s fetch in milliseconds. |
|
|
The maximum duration of any LogMiner session query’s fetch in milliseconds. |
|
|
The duration for processing the last LogMiner query batch results in milliseconds. |
|
|
The time in milliseconds spent parsing DML event SQL statements. |
|
|
The duration in milliseconds to start the last LogMiner session. |
|
|
The longest duration in milliseconds to start a LogMiner session. |
|
|
The total duration in milliseconds spent by the connector starting LogMiner sessions. |
|
|
The minimum duration in milliseconds spent processing results from a single LogMiner session. |
|
|
The maximum duration in milliseconds spent processing results from a single LogMiner session. |
|
|
The total duration in milliseconds spent processing results from LogMiner sessions. |
|
|
The total duration in milliseconds spent by the JDBC driver fetching the next row to be processed from the log mining view. |
|
|
The total number of rows processed from the log mining view across all sessions. |
|
|
The number of entries fetched by the log mining query per database round-trip. |
|
|
The number of milliseconds the connector sleeps before fetching another batch of results from the log mining view. |
|
|
The maximum number of rows/second processed from the log mining view. |
|
|
The average number of rows/second processed from the log mining. |
|
|
The average number of rows/second processed from the log mining view for the last batch. |
|
|
The number of connection problems detected. |
|
|
的小时数交易被保留by the connector’s in-memory buffer without being committed or rolled back before being discarded. See |
|
|
The number of current active transactions in the transaction buffer. |
|
|
The number of committed transactions in the transaction buffer. |
|
|
tran回滚事务的数量saction buffer. |
|
|
The average number of committed transactions per second in the transaction buffer. |
|
|
The number of registered DML operations in the transaction buffer. |
|
|
The time difference in milliseconds between when a change occurred in the transaction logs and when its added to the transaction buffer. |
|
|
The maximum time difference in milliseconds between when a change occurred in the transaction logs and when its added to the transaction buffer. |
|
|
The minimum time difference in milliseconds between when a change occurred in the transaction logs and when its added to the transaction buffer. |
|
|
An array of abandoned transaction identifiers removed from the transaction buffer due to their age. See |
|
|
An array of transaction identifiers that have been mined and rolled back in the transaction buffer. |
|
|
The duration of the last transaction buffer commit operation in milliseconds. |
|
|
The duration of the longest transaction buffer commit operation in milliseconds. |
|
|
The number of errors detected. |
|
|
The number of warnings detected. |
|
|
The number of times the system change number has been checked for advancement and remains unchanged. This is an indicator that long-running transaction(s) are ongoing and preventing the connector from flushing the latest processed system change number to the connector’s offsets. Under optimal operations, this should always be or remain close to |
|
|
The number of DDL records that have been detected but could not be parsed by the DDL parser. This should always be |
|
|
当前矿业会话的用户(佐治亚大学全球区域) memory consumption in bytes. |
|
|
The maximum mining session’s user global area (UGA) memory consumption in bytes across all mining sessions. |
|
|
The current mining session’s process global area (PGA) memory consumption in bytes. |
|
|
The maximum mining session’s process global area (PGA) memory consumption in bytes across all mining sessions. |
Schema History Metrics
TheMBeanisdebezium.oracle:type=connector-metrics,context=schema-history,server=
.
The following table lists the schema history metrics that are available.
Attributes | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
|
One of |
|
|
The time in epoch seconds at what recovery has started. |
|
|
The number of changes that were read during recovery phase. |
|
|
the total number of schema changes applied during recovery and runtime. |
|
|
The number of milliseconds that elapsed since the last change was recovered from the history store. |
|
|
The number of milliseconds that elapsed since the last change was applied. |
|
|
The string representation of the last change recovered from the history store. |
|
|
The string representation of the last applied change. |
Surrogate schema evolution
The Oracle connector automatically tracks and applies table schema changes by parsing DDL from the redo logs. If the DDL parser encounters an incompatible statement, if needed, the connector provides an alternative way to apply the schema change.
By default, the connector stops when it encounters a DDL statement that it cannot parse. You can use Debeziumsignalingto trigger the update of the database schema from such DDL statements.
The type of the schema update action isschema-changes
.This action updates the schema of all tables enumerated in the signal parameters. The message does not contain the update to the schema. Instead, it contains the complete new schema structure.
Name | Description |
---|---|
|
The name of the Oracle database. |
|
The name of the schema where changes are applied. |
|
An array containing the requested schema updates. |
|
Type of the schema change, usually |
|
The fully-qualified name of the table |
|
The fully-qualified name of the table |
|
The character set name used for the table if different from database default |
|
Array with the name of columns composing the primary key |
|
Array with the column metadata |
|
The name of the column |
|
The JDBC type of the column as defined atJDBC API |
|
The name of the column type |
|
The full column type definition |
|
The column character set if different from the default |
|
The length/size constraint of the column |
|
The scale of numeric column |
|
The position of the column in the table starting with |
|
Boolean |
|
Boolean |
|
Boolean |
After theschema-changes
signal is inserted, the connector must be restarted with an altered configuration that includes specifying thedatabase.history.skip.unparseable.ddl
option astrue
.After the connector’s commit SCN advances beyond the DDL change, to prevent unparseable DDL statements from being skipped unexpectedly, return the connector configuration to its previous state.
Column | Value |
---|---|
id |
|
type |
|
data |
|
XStreams support
The Debezium Oracle connector by default ingests changes using native Oracle LogMiner. The connector can be toggled to use Oracle XStream instead. To configure the connector to use Oracle XStream, you must apply specific database and connector configurations that differ from those that you use with LogMiner.
To use the XStream API, you must have a license for the GoldenGate product. Installing GoldenGate is not required.
Preparing the Database
ORACLE_SID=ORCLCDB dbz_oracle sqlplus /nolog CONNECT sys/top_secret AS SYSDBA alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size = 5G; alter system set db_recovery_file_dest = '/opt/oracle/oradata/recovery_area' scope=spfile; alter system set enable_goldengate_replication=true; shutdown immediate startup mount alter database archivelog; alter database open; -- Should show "Database log mode: Archive Mode" archive log list exit;
In addition, supplemental logging must be enabled for captured tables or the database in order for data changes to capture thebeforestate of changed database rows. The following illustrates how to configure this on a specific table, which is the ideal choice to minimize the amount of information captured in the Oracle redo logs.
ALTER TABLE inventory.customers ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA (ALL) COLUMNS;
Creating XStream users for the connector
The Debezium Oracle connector requires that users accounts be set up with specific permissions so that the connector can capture change events. The following briefly describes these user configurations using a multi-tenant database model.
sqlplus sys/top_secret@//localhost:1521/ORCLCDB as sysdba CREATE TABLESPACE xstream_adm_tbs DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/xstream_adm_tbs.dbf' SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; exit; sqlplus sys/top_secret@//localhost:1521/ORCLPDB1 as sysdba CREATE TABLESPACE xstream_adm_tbs DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/xstream_adm_tbs.dbf' SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; exit; sqlplus sys/top_secret@//localhost:1521/ORCLCDB as sysdba CREATE USER c##dbzadmin IDENTIFIED BY dbz DEFAULT TABLESPACE xstream_adm_tbs QUOTA UNLIMITED ON xstream_adm_tbs CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT CREATE SESSION, SET CONTAINER TO c##dbzadmin CONTAINER=ALL; BEGIN DBMS_XSTREAM_AUTH.GRANT_ADMIN_PRIVILEGE( grantee => 'c##dbzadmin', privilege_type => 'CAPTURE', grant_select_privileges => TRUE, container => 'ALL' ); END; / exit;
sqlplus sys/top_secret@//localhost:1521/ORCLCDB as sysdba CREATE TABLESPACE xstream_tbs DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/xstream_tbs.dbf' SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; exit; sqlplus sys/top_secret@//localhost:1521/ORCLPDB1 as sysdba CREATE TABLESPACE xstream_tbs DATAFILE '/opt/oracle/oradata/ORCLCDB/ORCLPDB1/xstream_tbs.dbf' SIZE 25M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; exit; sqlplus sys/top_secret@//localhost:1521/ORCLCDB as sysdba CREATE USER c##dbzuser IDENTIFIED BY dbz DEFAULT TABLESPACE xstream_tbs QUOTA UNLIMITED ON xstream_tbs CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT CREATE SESSION TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SET CONTAINER TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT ON V_$DATABASE to c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT FLASHBACK ANY TABLE TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; GRANT EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE TO c##dbzuser CONTAINER=ALL; exit;
Create an XStream Outbound Server
Create anXStream Outbound server(given the right privileges, this might be done automatically by the connector going forward, seeDBZ-721):
sqlplus c##dbzadmin/dbz@//localhost:1521/ORCLCDB DECLARE tables DBMS_UTILITY.UNCL_ARRAY; schemas DBMS_UTILITY.UNCL_ARRAY; BEGIN tables(1) := NULL; schemas(1) := 'debezium'; DBMS_XSTREAM_ADM.CREATE_OUTBOUND( server_name => 'dbzxout', table_names => tables, schema_names => schemas); END; / exit;
When setting up an XStream Outbound Server to capture changes from a pluggable database, the |
sqlplus sys/top_secret@//localhost:1521/ORCLCDB as sysdba BEGIN DBMS_XSTREAM_ADM.ALTER_OUTBOUND( server_name => 'dbzxout', connect_user => 'c##dbzuser'); END; / exit;
A single XStream Outbound server cannot be shared by multiple Debezium Oracle connectors. Each connector requires a unique XStream Outbound connector to be configured. |
Configuring the XStream adapter
By default, Debezium uses Oracle LogMiner to ingest change events from Oracle. You can adjust the connector configuration to enable the connector to use the Oracle XStreams adapter.
The following configuration example adds the propertiesdatabase.connection.adapter
anddatabase.out.server.name
to enable the connector to use the XStream API implementation.
{" name ": " inventory-connector”、“配置”:{“康涅狄格州ector.class" : "io.debezium.connector.oracle.OracleConnector", "tasks.max" : "1", "database.server.name" : "server1", "database.hostname" : "", "database.port" : "1521", "database.user" : "c##dbzuser", "database.password" : "dbz", "database.dbname" : "ORCLCDB", "database.pdb.name" : "ORCLPDB1", "database.history.kafka.bootstrap.servers" : "kafka:9092", "database.history.kafka.topic": "schema-changes.inventory", "database.connection.adapter": "xstream", "database.out.server.name" : "dbzxout" } }
Behavior when things go wrong
Debezium is a distributed system that captures all changes in multiple upstream databases; it never misses or loses an event. When the system is operating normally or being managed carefully then Debezium providesexactly oncedelivery of every change event record.
If a fault occurs, Debezium does not lose any events. However, while it is recovering from the fault, it might repeat some change events. In these abnormal situations, Debezium, like Kafka, providesat least oncedelivery of change events.
The rest of this section describes how Debezium handles various kinds of faults and problems.
Logs do not contain offset, perform a new snapshot
In some cases, after the Debezium Oracle connector restarts, it reports the following error:
Online REDO LOG files or archive logs do not contain the offset scn xxxxxxx. Please perform a new snapshot.
After the connector examines the redo and archive logs, if it cannot find the SCN that is recorded in the connector offsets, it returns the preceding error. Because the connector uses the SCN to determine where to resume processing, if the expected SCN if not found, a new snapshot must be completed.
You might find that theV$ARCHIVED_LOG
table contains a record with an SCN that matches the expected range. However, the record might not be available for mining. To be available for mining, a record must include a filename in theNAME
column, a value ofNO
in theDELETED
column, and a value ofA
(available) in theSTATUS
column. If a record does not match any of these criteria, it is considered incomplete and cannot be mined.
At a minimum, archive logs must be retained for as long as the longest downtime window of the connector.
Records that have no value in the |
ORA-25191 - Cannot reference overflow table of an index-organized table
Oracle might issue this error during the snapshot phase when encountering an index-organized table (IOT). This error means that the connector has attempted to execute an operation that must be executed against the parent index-organized table that contains the specified overflow table.
To resolve this, the IOT name used in the SQL operation should be replaced with the parent index-organized table name. To determine the parent index-organized table name, use the following SQL:
选择从DBA_TABLES IOT_NAME所有者= ' < tablespace-owner>' AND TABLE_NAME=''
The connector’stable.include.list
ortable.exclude.list
configuration options should then be adjusted to explicitly include or exclude the appropriate tables to avoid the connector from attempting to capture changes from the child index-organized table.
LogMiner adapter does not capture changes made by SYS or SYSTEM
Oracle uses theSYS
andSYSTEM
accounts for lots of internal changes and therefore the connector automatically filters changes made by these users when fetching changes from LogMiner. Never use theSYS
orSYSTEM
user accounts for changes to be emitted by the Debezium Oracle connector.